The conceptual framework and classification of special economic and legal regimes in the Russian Federation

• Anna G. Bereznikova

The article examines the problem of terminological and classificatory fragmentation in the field of special economic and legal regimes in the Russian Federation. The author has identified and analyzed 15 different regimes (SEZs, Territories of Advanced Development (TAD), the free port of Vladivostok, Special Administrative Regions (SARs), etc.), each regulated by separate federal laws. The lack of a single overarching
concept complicates their systematic analysis and effectiveness evaluation. Based on the comparative legal method, the author formulates an integrated definition of the "special economic and legal regime" (SELR) as an independent, unified economic and legal category, identifying its nine essential features and functions. The scientific novelty lies in developing an original multi-faceted classification of SELRs according to spatial scale, the predominant instrument of state support, the initiator of establishment, and sectoral specialization. The results form a theoretical basis for comparative studies and can be used by authorities for auditing and optimizing spatial development tools.
Keywords: Russia special economic and legal regime, special economic zone (SEZ), territory of advanced development (TAD), free port, classification.